Changing Family Roles Women No Longer Want the Free Essays

There has been a drastic change in the definition of marriage ranging the past fifty years. Today more and more women are joining the workforce rather than staying home to take care of the children. It is evident that women have been getting, so to say, the short end of the stick, where in heterosexual marriages with or without children (same sex marriages are being left out for arguments sake), the husband is seen as what Steve Mitz in New Rules; Postwar Families 1955-present commonly refers to the â€Å"breadwinner father. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Family Roles: Women No Longer Want the or any similar topic only for you Order Now This husband†s responsibilities are to take care of the financial aspects of the family while the â€Å"stay-at-home mom†(Mitz, 16) takes care of the children, does all the laundry, cleans the house, goes to the grocery store, takes little jimmy to the hospital, to school, to his soccer game, does the dishes, is the husband†s secretary, all on top of working full-time. The reason for this long list of responsibilities is to compare whether the husband†s contributions to the family are equal to that of the wives. No, they are not equal. Women are not happy with having to go to work on top of cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the children, while the husbands have the same responsibilities as before. It seems only fair to split the family responsibilities down the middle taking into consideration general male muscular superiority. Some men have a preconceived notion, usually established from their parents, that women are supposed to cook and clean, and every night dinner should be on the table with the biggest piece of chicken on the husband†s plate. We†ll times are changing and it is time for the husband to start sharing the chicken(not literally). It is time for the husband to start sharing duties that now working mother†s have on top of their â€Å"stay-at-home mom† responsibilities. Steve Mitz says it best when he replies, â€Å"American Family life has undergone a historical transformation as radical as any that has taken place in the last 150 years. † In the quotation above Mitz is implying that drastic changes are redefining gender roles in today†s marriages. In the fifties it was common practice that women stayed home and men worked. Today things are different, women are more educated disabling the husband†s ability to control their wives. Instead of a mutualistic marriage, men in the fifties used uneducated women, to put it point blank, as their slaves. It is apparent in today†s changing society that women are reexamining their situations at home, they are realizing that they are not being treated fairly. Women are reexamining societal norms, increasing their education, and changing unjust laws making it abundantly clear that they are sick of getting â€Å"the short end of the stick† in their marriages. The saying â€Å"the short end of the stick† is used in this essay to mean that wives are holding down full time jobs on top of cooking, cleaning etc, while husbands are not pitching in helping with the stereotypical women duties i. e. , cooking, cleaning, laundry etc. Societal norms must constantly be reexamined and changed. For example, in the days of Frederick Douglas, an African American pioneer, it was an established norm that slaves were prohibited from learning to read. Douglas, who was curious, decided that he would learn to read by tricking the white boys of the time into playing games that would teach him new words. Also, Douglas would try to read the notes his master would send with him on errands. Once Douglas learned to read, it changed his world, he realized that the white slave owners oppressed him and his people. Douglas became so upset over the fact that slavery was so widely accepted by his people that he sometimes thought he would have been better off it he had never learned to read. Since the majority of slaves of the time couldn†t read, they were unknowing of their oppression, while Douglas realized his surroundings needed to change. The point of this tangent story relates to how the husband of the fifties(fifties is used as a generalization for the past regarding the time frame Mitz talks about) is like the slave owner and the wife like the unknowing slave. Today women are like Douglas, but in a different time frame. Once they had the ability to see their situations in a different light, as Douglas did, they could do something about it. Societal norms of the fifties said that if men and women didn†t marry, they are â€Å"denigrated as sick, neurotic or immoral, and couples who did not have children were seem as selfish. â€Å"(Mitz, 18). This indicates to the reader that the norms of marriage and children masked the true light of the wives oppressive lives. Through reexamination, people eventually realize that what was once suits society no longer accommodates some divisions within that society. If these established norms exclude change, how can we as a people, let alone a couple that has to share a life together, grow and change? The answer is we can†t change unless norms are reexamined through increased education and opportunity. Increased education and opportunities are big reasons women are realizing that they are getting the â€Å"short end of the stick. Education, as it allowed Douglas to see his oppression, allows women to realize that they are involved in a marriage that is not fair to them. Today more and more women are getting college degrees. These degrees enable women to acknowledge inequalities within their marriages. Without education, wives are repressed individuals. Degrees can also change what wives classify as their deepest satisfactions. A mother of the fifties may have been content with watching little jimmy grow up, which is satisfying in a different way, however, intellectual curiosity may spark a change in personal value. Do the majority of people with increased education, regardless of sex, want to work at McDonalds? Does the complexity of thought increase with education? In the fifties women â€Å"passed on education†(Mitz, 18) entering into marriage relying on a husband to take care of them. This reliance on the husband sets the wife up to be taken advantage of. Today women are more careful about entering in the state of holy matrimony. â€Å"Till death do you part† is a long time where shifts in values can make that creed nearly impossible. Being more critical before getting married can save the couple and any future children headaches. Another reason why women in the past didn†t go to college is because their parents only pressured the male children in the family to go to college. Males in the past also got more recognition for playing sports than their female counterparts. Again, this is due to the fact that in the past young females would not need to know how to kick a soccer ball, but rather to know how to separate whites from the darks when doing laundry. Young women in the past were almost predestined to follow the traditionalist values of getting married and having children. Not only does increased education and opportunity reveal to women the inequalities within their marriages, but also the changes in unjust laws further show that society knows that women are getting the â€Å"short end of the stick. † According to the article New Rules; Postwar Families 1955-present Mitz†s gives the statistic that â€Å"fifty percent of all court business involves domestic relations. This astounding statistic shows that women are fed up with getting â€Å"the short end of the stick. † Also in the same article, Mitz expresses how women are getting â€Å"the short end of the stick† legally when he replies , Nineteenth century legal presumptions about the proper roles of husband and wife has also been called into question. Until recently, the law considered the husband to be ‘head and master† of his family his surname became his children†s surname†¦ he was immune from lawsuits initiated by his wife, and he was entitled to sexual In the quotation above, Mitz provides examples of the unjust laws regarding oppressed women. These laws catered to the husband†s needs and not their wives. Mitz then says, Since the 1970†³s several state supreme courts have ruled that husbands and wives can sue each other, that the husband cannot give the children his surname without the wives permission, and that husbands can be prosecuted for raping This quotation shows that women are speaking out getting unjust laws changed. These laws, which we know to be morally wrong, are now being rewritten to fit the needs of today†s wives. Laws from the past and future are going to have to be constantly reexamined in order to continually fit the needs of our changing society. Finally, wives are going to continue to get â€Å"the short end of the stick† until husband†s start to really help women with family responsibilities. Today†s society is ever changing and through education and reexamination of social norms and laws, the definition of gender roles are going to have to be redefined in order to distribute the family responsibilities in a fair and neutral manner. How to cite Changing Family Roles: Women No Longer Want the, Papers

gatdream Pursuit of the American Dream in F. Scott Essay Example For Students

gatdream Pursuit of the American Dream in F. Scott Essay Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Great Gatsby EssaysFree Essays Pursuit of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is central to many novels. This dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and in order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is one character who longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the affluent Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to amass wealth to reach her economic standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy, Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay (83), and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesnt happen, he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, He wants to know.. .if youll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over (83). Gatsbys personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtles death. Was Daisy driving? Yes but of course Ill say I was. (151) He also watches and protects Daisy as she returns home. How long are you going to wait? All night if necessary. (152) Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believes that he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guarantee success. Nick attempts to show Jay the folly of his dream, but Jay innocently replies to Nicks assertion that the past cannot be relived by saying, Yes you can, old sport. This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream. For Jay, his American Dream is not material possessions, although it may seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his true American Dream, Daisy.Gatsby doesnt rest until his American Dream is finally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in todays time, be it wealth, love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream;everyone desires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. Gatsby is a prime example of pursuing the American Dream.

AlzheimerS Essay Scholarship Example For Students

AlzheimerS Essay Scholarship ALZHEIMERSBrian FosterHealthMarch 2, 1999Alzheimers disease was first described by Alois Alzheimer. Alois Alzheimer was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and he first described it in 1906. The disease was first thought to be a rare condition affecting only young people, and was referred to as presenite dementia. About 10 percent of the United States population over the age of 65 is affected by Alzheimers disease, and up to 45 percent of those over the age of 85 may have the disease. Up to 2 million people suffer from it, or one percent of the population. During the early stages of the disease, a person forgets daily events, but they can still recall things that happened many years ago. Memory loss worsens during the later stages of the disease, when patients forget events from earlier years, patients cannot care for themselves, and some patients can become bedridden. Most patients die from infection or chronic disease 8 to 10 years after getting the disease. The cause of Alzheimers disease still remains mysterious. People with a family history of the disease though, have a better chance of getting it themselves. Carriers of a specific version of the apolpoprorein E gene (apo E gene) are more likely to develop the disease. Alzheimers disease is diagnosed by examining brain tissue under a microscope to see hallmark plaques and tangles, which is only possible after the patient dies. There are some ways that you can find out if you have the disease when you are alive, but it might not be 100 percent sure. You rule out other problems that could cause memory loss like a stroke, depression, alcoholism, and the use of certain prescription drugs. A thorough examination, which includes specialized brain scans is another way of diagnosing it. A patient could be given an evaluation called a neuro pschological examination. There is no known cure for Alzheimers disease. Treatment focuses on lessening symptoms and attempting to slow the course of the disease. Drugs that increase or improve the function of brain acetylcholine, and the neurotransmitter that affects memory, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to help treat Alzheimers disease. Preliminary studies say that anti-inflammatory drugs could prevent inflammation. There is evidence that the female hormone estrogen, may prevent or slow down the course of the disease. Coping with a loved ones decline and inability to recognize familiar faces causes extreme pain. Caregivers go through tons of pain and develop health and psychological problems because of so much stress. BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Academic American Encyclopedia, Vol. I; Grolier, Inc., Danbury, CT. 1987. 2. Comptons Encyclopedia. 1992. 3. World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, Inc.; Chicago, IL 60661. 1992. 4. Microsoft-Encarta Encyclopedia, Microsoft Corporation. 1993-1998.

Wholeness and Alienation free essay sample

In this essay, I will show why his argument may be dated and no longer correct, that the desire for fame and having celebrity idols is not as alienating or detrimental as it once was, and that with the right mindset, it can actually be enriching to constantly challenge oneself, to try harder, and to reach out to more people. First, I will examine the theoretical perspective through which Stuart Ewen views celebrity culture, and I will further examine his theory of the â€Å"dream of wholeness† and why he believes it can be alienating.Next, I will briefly juxtapose Ewen’s theory to Karl Marx’s theory of the estrangement of labor, which will shed light on precisely what type of alienation to which I am referring in my argument. I will then provide a modern-day social context for these theories using statistics about celebrity culture and the demographics of those who follow it. We will write a custom essay sample on Wholeness and Alienation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, I will back up my argument with excerpts from and photographic portraits of seven interviews I conducted with students who have aspirations of becoming famous. The first part of Stuart Ewen’s theory suggests that the dream of wholeness begins with a dissatisfaction with the self.In advertisements, when we see â€Å"perfection† in the images of models, we idolize these figures and subconsciously relate them to ourselves. This is silly of us to do, first of all, because stars are constantly told what to say and their photos are edited to the extreme. They are then mass-produced, at which point, Ewen suggests, the â€Å"aura† or intrinsic value of the original images are lost (Ewen 1988, 93). Still, as a result of these images, we Simonetti 2 constantly keep a tab on the way we look, and we start to see ourselves as â€Å"objects† rather than â€Å"subjects† (Ewen 1988, 89).We become more and more uncomfortable with our own skin, and in a ver y capitalist way, we thus buy products to fix what now seem to be mistakes on our bodies until we live up to the â€Å"beautiful thinghood,† or the fake perfection, of the images we see (Ewen 1988, 89). Because of these perfect, air-brushed images in the media, he argues, we are essentially dreaming of perfection in our own physical image. And because this is impossible, Ewen says, we are essentially alienated from our true selves (Ewen 1988, 91). Next, Ewen continues to focus on how celebrities affect style.He says that the â€Å"style market capitalize[s] on something ‘hot,’ to turn popular desires into demographics† (Ewen 1988, 97). When the public seems to like the clothing style on a celebrity, manufacturers make sure the style is available for the public to wear. Ewen also cleverly observes that for both middle class citizens and celebrities, the primary expression of wealth is consumption, so celebrities become models of a seemingly attainable but ultimately ridiculous way of life for the middle class (Ewen 1988, 100).Celebrity lifestyle is portrayed in movies as lavish, unrestrained, and endlessly wealthy, so these ways of life modeled for the middle cla ss tend to be very gaudy and expensive. People then start to buy knock-offs to make up for styles they don’t have, become over-obsessed with their appearance, and so on until they grow even more alienated from their true selves. Moreover, according to Ewen, capitalist consumer culture, which provides compensation for nearly any request in exchange for a sum of money, gives us all the freedom to desire (Ewen 1988, 100).As examples, if we want to look a certain way, we can buy into that image; if we want to fix the problems in our lives, we can pay others or buy products to solve those problems; and of course, if we want to be â€Å"famous,† we have (or at least we think we have) the ability to become famous. At the same time, the media constantly feeds us with images of cultural norms Simonetti 3 that dictate what we should â€Å"want,† such as clothing styles, products, services, and lifestyles-specifically, the celebrity lifestyle.We are bombarded with the notion that anyone, if he/she plays his/her cards right, can become a celebrity if they work hard and develop enough of a following. However, Ewen suggests that â€Å"becoming ‘someone’ is a gift bestowed upon people by the image machine,† so only a select few are â€Å"discovered,† and it is not nearly as easy to achieve as the middle class sometimes pretends it is (Ewen 1988, 96). Ultimately, though, our capitalist culture almost inherently forces us to imagine our lives differently, or to dream of a more â€Å"whole† life, and to strive to change our lives based on those new possibilities with which we are presented. Later on, I will refute these and a few other of Ewen’s points by examining interviews with students from my generation who, as we will see, have slightly different views about fame. Ewen believes as well that because our society makes us all feel extremely alone and our voices are seldom heard, we have more of a â€Å"desire ‘to be somebody,’† but perhaps a skewed view of the process to becoming â€Å"somebody. † (Ewen 1988, 94). This is also one of the main themes in Charles Derber’s study, The Pursuit of Attention, the first sentence of which reads: â€Å"Psychologists have treated attention as a fundamental human need† (Derber 2000, 9).If we need attention, it’s only natural for us to want to become famous, as famous people receive plenty of attention without even trying. Ewen also alludes to the image of, for example, a concert where an audience is at the feet of a celebrity, which symbolizes the â€Å"extrication [of an in dividual] from a mass of unknowns† (Ewen 1988, 95). This is a common discontent among young middle-class Americans: the tragedy of being part of the crowd–a â€Å"nobody† (Ewen 1988, 95). Success stories of â€Å"lucky breaks† and â€Å"chance meetings,† he argues, lead many who will probably never be recognized to believe that one day they might (Ewen 1988, 96).He notes that to become famous, once must find a way to stand out in institutions that are structured and have Simonetti 4 little room for individuality. The example he uses is Babe Ruth, the famous baseball player, who by simply playing the structured game of baseball became an individual by topping charts and creating statistics (Ewen 1988, 96). In a similar way, a singer, for example, can become an individual and stand out in the structure of a theory-based music industry by having a unique voice and making excellent music.In addition to our freedom of desire mentioned above, Ewen refers to Jean-Paul Sartre’s Being and Nothingness, which presents a different way of thinking about freedom. Sartre believes that freedom is not simply being, but is maintaining â€Å"active, self-determine d engagement within the world† (qtd. in Ewen 1988, 102). Further, Ewen adds that the structures of work in America, which â€Å"are encompassed by acts which have little meaning in and of themselves,† can â€Å"fill a person with an †¦ insatiable hunger: †¦ to make meaning in one’s life† (Ewen 1988, 103).This notion that work is so dull that one becomes alienated from any meaning in one’s life is very similar to Marx’s theory on the estrangement of labor, in which he argues four key points: 1) In much of capitalist labor, man is alienated from the product of his labor because he is simply creating a product thought of by others, and being created for others. 2) In capitalist labor, man is alienated from the labor process because he is simply repeating the same actions over and over for the purposes of mass production. ) In capitalist labor, man is alienated from himself because â€Å"when he is working, [the worker] does not feel himself† (p. 3). 4) In labor, man is estranged from others in the labor process because he is working only as a means to happiness (for money, so that he can buy pleasurable commodities), instead of as happiness itself (for fun, to enjoy working with and for others) (Marx 1844). Marx’s theory of the estrangement of labor is similar to Ewen’s theory of the alienation of celebrity culture in that both labor and celebrity culture force us to aspire to a lifestyle that we do not currently have. Simonetti 5 However, Marx’s theory is about how man is alienated from his true self when he is making things for other men, while Ewen’s theory is about how man is alienated from his true self when he is consuming things made by other men. Put this way, it is a rather disheartening contrast because it implies that man is always alienated from his true self. Fortunately, though, I will show later on why Ewen’s argument may be considered slightly dated and thus no longer valid.Finally, Ewen finishes his argument about the dream of wholeness by referring to the â€Å"dream of identity† and the role of style in forming and expressing that identity. He goes on to make the connection that style fills the void described above that is created from meaningless work by providing some meaning in life through expression of one’s self (Ewen 1988, 106). He notes that â€Å"[s]tyle is a realm of being ‘exceptional’ within the constraints of conformit y,† so it ultimately acts as the expression of those who long for the wholeness that they believe would come with fame (Ewen 1988, 108).The last point Ewen makes is that as a result of our dreams of wholeness, alienation from our true selves, and overall discontent with the here and now, we are â€Å"caught between the polarities of doing and having,† which is to suggest that our competition for attention ultimately leads to consumption (Ewen 1988, 108). Now that I’ve established the theoretical basis of my argument, I will provide some information to help us see the modern-day implications of these theories and to show how dated and hyperbolical they can be in the context of today’s society.Being famous today is far different than it ever has been. If we like a musician, dancer, filmmaker, writer, or any other type of celebrity, we have the ability to follow every move they make with their lives’ increased coverage by â€Å"TMZ,† â€Å"Extra,† and other such entertainment news companies. According to Hall’s Reports, â€Å"entertainers and other celebrities appeared on the covers of nearly 40 percent of all American magazines in 2004†¦, while only 6 percent of covers were related to national Simonetti 6 affairs† (Altman 2005).In addition, â€Å"the percentage of pages in news magazines dedicated to celebrities and entertainment doubled from 1980 to 2003, while coverage of nation al affairs dropped from 35 percent of all pages to 25 percent† (Altman 2005). This alarming amount of celebrity coverage is a clear indication of how much more prevalent celebrities are today than they were when Ewen wrote his book. Further, a consequence of this prevalence is that we inevitably see more celebrity scandals and mistakes, which allow us to see them as they are: human. We are thus no longer alienated from them and we begin to see them as people, just like us. As well, the dream of becoming famous becomes less and less glorified as we see the lack of privacy and mystique that, in Ewen’s time, were so closely linked to the dream. Another consequence is that we start to see stories on celebrities that really are not important, such as meaningless gossip about which celebrities were with whom and when and where, etc. This can allow us to place less importance on and â€Å"see through† celebrity news as simply the desperate work of celebrity publicists.Comedian and pop-culture commentator Mo Rocca expands in Howard Altman’s essay, â€Å"Celebrity Culture†: â€Å"‘I have a strange faith in college students. They are both more optimistic and skeptical than everyone else. †¦ Essentially, students know it is all BS — they revel in the cheesiness of it. ’† According to Altman, celebrity gossip can bring people together: In a study published in March 2004, a group of British researchers found that gossiping about celebrities took up most of the social time of nearly one-third of a sample of 191 English youngsters ages 11 to 16.But these young people were far from being isolated; in fact, researchers found the gossiping children had a stronger network of close friends than their peers who were less interested in celebrities. Simonetti 7 Clearly, in today’s world, young people grow up very rationally, with most of Ewen’s illusions of celebrity culture exposed. When I was a preteen, for example, my mother told me her prediction of former superstar Miley Cyrus: â€Å"In a few years, she won’t have this much clout anymore. She’ll have grown up and moved on from stardom, just like her father. Sure enough, she was right. As a result of this common knowledge and long-term observation about celebrit y culture, today’s generation of college students have a better value system when it comes to personal success, in that they want less to be a â€Å"celebrity,† but more for their voices to be heard, whatever that may mean. Quite nobly, they care less about being famous and more about doing what they love: performing for others and expressing themselves. Most people with dreams of becoming famous also have celebrity idols.For the purposes of this paper, an idol is a figure in popular culture whom one has respected tremendously for a long time (i. e. , 5-6 years) and whom one will continue to respect after they are out of the public spotlight. Those who have celebrity idols normally have a standard for themselves to try to live up to those idols in some way. Whether they are trying to emulate their idols’ personalities or to sing, dance, write, or otherwise perform like their idols, the seven students I have interviewed all seem to be better people as a result of their idols. Josh, for example, who idolizes dancers Brian Puspos and Mike Song, thinks he would be a different person without them: â€Å"The way Brian and Mike are–they’re goofy. That’s why they’re so relatable and that’s why I love them. Even when they’re dancing, they’ll do a silly move which shows they love what they do. It shows me Josh, dancing like Mike Song Simonetti 8 that no amount of fame should change who you are, which has a big impact on my everyday life. † Next, Molly regards her idol, British actress Gemma Arterton, just as highly, if not moreso than Josh regards his: â€Å"She’s the person that I would like to be.She is a great role model figure for young women. I used to go to school for acting, and I was too afraid to do things because I thought I would fail so I transferred schools, but looking at her gave me the push to go forward with it and to do more with my life–to take more trips and chances. She also doesn’t take crap from anybody and is very eloquent, which are both Molly, admiring Gemma Arterton qualities that I need to work on. † Finally, Zack idolizes WWE wrestlers Ray Mysterio, John Cena, and C. M. Punk, not for their time in the ring, oddly, but for their contributions to charity and for their efforts in preventing bullying.

Insects - Insecta - The Animal Encyclopedia

Insects - Insecta - The Animal Encyclopedia Insects (Insecta) are the most diverse of all animal groups. There are more species of insects than there are species of all other animals combined. Their numbers are nothing short of remarkable - both in terms of how many individual insects there are, as well as how many species of insects there are. In fact, there are so many insects that no one knows quite how to count them all - the best we can do is make estimates. Scientists approximate that there may be as many as 30 million species of insects alive today. To date, over one million have been identified. At any one time, the number of individual insects alive on our planet is staggering - some scientists estimate that for every human alive today there are 200 million insects. The success of insects as a group is also reflected by the diversity of habitats in which they  live. Insects are most numerous in terrestrial environments such as deserts, forests, and grasslands. They are likewise numerous in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, streams, and wetlands. Insects are relatively scarce in marine habitats but are more common in brackish waters such as salt marshes and mangroves. Key Characteristics The  key characteristics of insects include: Three main body partsThree pairs of legsTwo pairs of wingsCompounds eyesMetamorphosisComplex mouth partsOne pair of antennaeSmall body size Classification Insects are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Arthropods Hexapods Insects Insects are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Angel insects (Zoraptera) - There are about 30 species of angel insects alive today. Members of this group are small, hemimetabolous insects, which means they undergo a form of development that includes three stages (egg, nymph, and adult) but lacks a pupal stage. Angel insects are small and are most often found living under the bark of trees or in rotting wood.Barklice and booklice (Psocoptera) - There are about 3,200 species of barklice and booklice alive today. Members of this group include granary booklice, booklice, and common barklice. Barklice and booklice live in moist terrestrial habitats such as in leaf litter, under stones, or in the bark of trees.Bees, ants, and their relatives (Hymenoptera) - There are about 103,000 species of bees, ants, and their relatives alive today. Members of this group include bees, wasps, horntails, sawflies, and ants. Sawflies and horntails have a body that is joined by a broad section between their thorax and abdomen. Ants, bees, and wasps have a body that is joined by a narrow section between their thorax and abdomen. Beetles (Coleoptera) - There are more than 300,000 species of beetles alive today. Members of this group have a hard exoskeleton and a pair of rigid wings (called elytra) that serve as protective covers for their larger and more delicate  hind wings. Beetles live in a wide variety of terrestrial and freshwater habitats. They are the most diverse group of insects alive today.Bristletails (Archaeognatha) - There are about 350 species of bristletails alive today. Members of this group do not undergo metamorphosis (immature bristletails resemble smaller versions of adults). Bristletails have a cylindrical body that tapers to a narrow bristle-like tail.Caddisflies (Trichoptera) - There are more than 7,000 species of caddisflies alive today. Members of this group have aquatic larvae that build a protective case in which they live. The case is constructed of silk produced by the larva and also incorporates other materials such as organic debris, leaves, and twigs. Adults are nocturnal and short-lived. Cockroaches (Blattodea) - There are about 4,000 species of cockroaches alive today. Members of this group include cockroaches and waterbugs. Cockroaches are scavengers. They are most abundant in tropical and subtropical habitats although their distribution is worldwide.Crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) - There are more than 20,000 species of crickets and grasshoppers alive today. Members of this group include crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, and katydids. Most are terrestrial herbivores and many species have powerful hind legs that are well-adapted  for jumping.Damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata) - There are more than 5,000 species of damselflies and dragonflies alive today. Members of this group are predators in both the nymph and adult stages of their life cycles (damselflies and dragonflies are hemimetabolous insects and, as such, they lack the pupal stage in their development). Damselflies and dragonflies are skilled fliers that feed on smaller (and less skilled) flying insects such as mosquitos and gnats. Earwigs (Dermaptera) - There are about 1,800 species of earwigs alive today. Members of this group are nocturnal scavengers and herbivores. The adult form of many species of earwigs  has cerci (the rear-most segment of their abdomen) that are modified into elongated pincers.Fleas (Siphonaptera) - There are about 2,400 species of fleas alive today. Members of this group include cat fleas, dog fleas, human fleas, rabbit fleas, oriental rat fleas, and many others. Fleas are blood-sucking parasites that prey primarily on mammals. A small percentage of flea species prey on birds.Flies (Diptera) - There are about 98,500 species of flies alive today. Members of this group include mosquitos, horse flies, deer flies, house flies, fruit flies, crane flies, midges, robber flies, bot flies, and many others. Although flies have one pair of wings (most flying insects have two pairs of wings), they  are nevertheless highly-skilled  fliers. Flies have the highest wing-beat frequency of any liv ing animal. Mantids (Mantodea) - There are about 1,800 species of mantids alive today. Members of this group have a triangular head, elongated bodies, and raptorial forelegs. Mantids are well-known for the prayer-like posture in which they hold their front legs. Mantids are predatory insects.Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) - There are more than 2,000 species of mayflies alive today. Members of this group are aquatic in the egg, nymph, and naiad (immature) stages of their life. Mayflies lack a pupal stage in their development. Adults have wings that do not fold flat over their back.Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) - There are more than 112,000 species of moths and butterflies alive today. Moths and butterflies are the second most diverse group of insects alive today. Members of this group include swallowtails, milkweed butterflies, skippers, clothes moths, clearwing moths, lappet moths, giant silk moths, hawk moths, and many others. Adult moths and butterflies have large wings that are covered with t iny scales. Many species have scales that are colorful and patterned with complex markings. Nerve-Winged Insects (Neuroptera) - There are about 5,500 species of nerve-winged insects alive today. Members of this group include dobsonflies, alderflies, snakeflies, green lacewings, brown lacewings, and antlions. Adult forms of nerve-winged insects have highly-branched venation in their wings. Many species of nerve-winged insects act as predators to agricultural pests, such as aphids and scale insects.Parasitic lice (Phthiraptera) - There are about 5,500 species of parasitic lice alive today. Members of this group include bird lice, body lice, pubic lice, poultry lice, ungulate lice, and mammal chewing lice. Parasitic lice lack wings and live as external parasites on mammals and birds.Rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) - There are about 25 species of rock crawlers alive today. Members of this group lack wings as adults and have long antennae, a cylindrical body, and long tail bristles. Rock crawlers are among the least diverse of all insect groups. They live in high-elevation habit ats. Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) - There are about 500 species of scorpionflies alive today. Members of this group include common scorpionflies and hanging scorpionflies. Most adult scorpionflies have a long slender head and narrow wings with highly-branched venation.Silverfish (Thysanura) - There are about 370 species of silverfish alive today. Members of this group have a flattened body that is covered with scales, Silverfish are so named for their fish-like appearance. They are wingless insects and have long antennae and cerci.Stoneflies (Plecoptera) - There are about 2,000 species of stoneflies alive today. Members of this group include common stoneflies, winter stoneflies, and spring stoneflies. Stoneflies are so named for the fact that as nymphs, they live beneath stones. Stonefly nymphs require well-oxygenated water to survive and for this reason, are found in  swift-moving streams and rivers. Adults are terrestrial and live at the edges of streams and rivers where they feed on alg ae and lichens. Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) - There are about 2,500 species of stick and leaf insects alive today. Members of this group are best known for the fact that they mimic the appearance of sticks, leaves, or twigs. Some species of stick and leaf insects are capable of changing color in response to alterations in light, humidity, or temperature.Termites (Isoptera) - There are about 2,300 species of termites alive today. Members of this group include termites, subterranean termites, rotten wood termites, dry wood termites, and damp wood termites. Termites are social insects that live in large communal nests.Thrips (Thysanoptera) - There are more than 4,500 species of thrips alive today. Members of this group include predatory thrips, common thrips, and tube-tailed thrips. Thrips are much maligned as pests and are known to destroy a variety of  grain, vegetable, and fruit crops.True Bugs (Hemiptera) - There are about 50,000 species of bugs alive today. Members of this group include plant bugs, seed bugs, and stink bugs. True bugs  have distinct front wings that, when not in use, lie flat on the insects back. Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) - There are about 532 species of twisted-wing parasites alive today. Members of this group are internal parasites during the larval and pupal stages of their development. They parasitize a variety of insects including grasshoppers, leafhoppers, bees, wasps, and many others. After pupating, adult male twisted-wing parasites leave their host. Adult females remain within the host and only partially emerge to mate and then return to the host while young develop inside the females abdomen, emerging within the host later.Web-spinners (Embioptera) - There are about 200 species of web-spinners alive today. Members of this group are unique among insects in that they have silk glands in their front legs. Web-spinners also have enlarged hind legs that enable them to scurry backward through the tunnels of their underground nests. References Hickman C, Robers L, Keen S, Larson A, IAnson H, Eisenhour D. Integrated Principles of Zoology 14th ed. Boston MA: McGraw-Hill; 2006. 910 p.Meyer, J. General Entomology Resource Library. 2009. Published online at https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/ent425/index.html.Ruppert E, Fox R, Barnes R. Invertebrate  Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach. 7th ed. Belmont CA: Brooks/Cole; 2004. 963 p.

Leadership Ethics and Diversity Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Ethics and Diversity - Case Study Example Again the Executive Leader could have also worked in helping Michael get leave on medical grounds. This policy would have helped the company in reducing the level of disturbances gained owing to the behavioral conducts of Michael and similarly would have helped Michel in leading a tension and stress free life being way from the workplace. However adequate privacy should be held pertaining to the medical information of Michael gained in the course such that it does not lead to any kind of embarrassment. Thus rather than treating him to be disabled the acts should work in understanding how to ease the situation for Michael and thereby effectively accommodate him in the concern (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p.265). This stance would have helped Harvard from countering any Discrimination Suit such that Michael would have felt to have been cared for by his superiors. Again the above case would have helped in gaining Michael back to work with effective treatment conducted. Case 2 The Executive Leader duly appointed would have worked to make the passengers understand and honor the religious sentiments of the Muslims through rendering of examples in which an activity conducted would have affected the latter’s religious sentiments. Justification of the religious sentiments of the Muslim cab drivers would have helped in abolishing the mental conflicts pertaining to the same between the cab drivers and passengers. The Executive Leader must endeavor to enhance the religious position and sentiments of both the parties to the issue and also must act in enhancing the number of cabs not driven by Muslim drivers in the region (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p. 265). Case 3 In this case the Executive Leader should have worked in creating an intervention program to treat Brown’s problem of Sleep Apnea to effectively increase his efficiency at the workplace rather than working on termination standards. Thus firstly the Executive Leader would work in identifying the level of ps ychiatric ailment pertaining to Brown through the assistance of a psychiatrist appointed by the company. This psychiatrist can work to evaluate the history and the medical help gained till now at the personal level by Brown. Such intervention process coupled by steady documentation would help the company management gain adequate knowledge of the present condition of the Sleep Apnea aliment of Brown. Depending on such knowledge the company can adequately change the work environment for Brown by temporarily putting Brown on leave or relocating him to other departments. The Executive Leader must also work in getting feedback and information from time to time relating to the level of revival gained in by Brown through such medical interventions carried out. Feedbacks can be gained both at the personal and at the medical level by consulting with Brown and the psychiatrists respectively. This intervention process needs to be carried on till the time the psychiatrists consider him fit to r ejoin the duty of ‘Emergency Dispatcher’ (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p.265). The above intervention program carried out by the Executive Leader would help in enhancing the level of commitment and loyalty of Brown towards the

TUI the largest and leading tourism company in Europe Case Study

TUI the largest and leading tourism company in Europe - Case Study Example The second chapter reviews the relationship between environment and tourism as well as its implications to TUI. The third chapter analyzes the performance of TUI and it's those features that contributed to achieve the No.1 position in tourism and shipping industry. It further explains the key unmatchable factors that have made TUI far ahead of its market competitors. In the end the current structural changes in different business fields are discussed and TUI's response to these changes with its corporate strategies and business models. In order to complete this paper, a meticulous research has been done on available information on the subject of tourism and contribution of TUI in this field. A variety of case studies and few books and online journals were reviewed. Online available resources are given special precedence than available library books because there is no specific book available about a particular tourism company. It is the biggest limitations of this research that in co mparison to available web-based resources, hard copy books are not readily available specifically about TUI. TUI is abbreviated for Touristik Union International and it was established in 1968. As Preussag AG, it remained a renowned organization in transportation and industrial sector till 2001 when it became a 100% subsidiary of Preussag AG. In next ear, Preussag AG was transformed into TUI AG. During next few years, TUI developed and changed its production from industrial segment to a modern tourism and shipping company. At present, the company has an extensive network all over the world